I’ve been getting a steady stream of garden catalogs in the mail since December. I’ve been too busy to spend any meaningful time with them. Instead, I stashed them in the magazine rack next to my favorite chair until it wouldn’t hold another one. Then I stacked them on top of the magazine rack until they started sliding off and disappearing under the chair. Actually, that’s the reason I’ve decided it’s time pay attention to the garden catalogs. Once they started to protude from under the chair, I felt compelled to take action. It’s time to do some winter weeding and get rid of the ones that I won’t use, and start paying attention to the ones I’ll order from.
Generally, I avoid the catalogs from the giant seed suppliers, preferring to buy seeds from smaller providers like Seed Savers Exchange, Territorial Seeds, Fedco and others. I’ve found the seed quality and customer service much better at smaller seed houses. For me, quality is important. I want seeds that will produce healthy vigorous plants with character, not some genetically engineered variety that will produce “adequately.” If I were the least bit interested in adequate, I wouldn’t bother with gardening at all. The grocery store would be adequate.
We have a limited garden space, even though we live on a farm. Because we are dairy producers, every last inch is in grass for the cows. I had to summon up every negotiating skill I had to get Wayne to agree to the 35′ x 100′ plot that I ended up with. We grow a good deal of our own food, and this year, I’m determined to grow even more, and do more with the space I have. So I’m going to be even pickier about my seed this year than usual. I’m weeding out the catalogs that promise a bunch of buy-one-get-one-free deals. In my experience, these have never been bargains. The seeds usually produce weak plants that will only perform to a pre-engineered standard no matter how much the gardener may coax them to do more. It’s disheartening for the grower and, I suspect, Mother Nature alike. True, seeds from the smaller suppliers may be a little more expensive, but you get what you pay for, and this is especially true of garden seed. Remember that when you’re doing your winter weeding.
The oat is generally cited as the most nourishing of all the cereals, and a good nerve food. The fine oatmeal gruel of our grandmothers has gone almost entirely out of fashion, but its use might be revived with advantage. Like wheat, it is a complete food. A good preparation of groats (ground oats from which the husk has been entirely removed) may be taken by those who find other preparations indigestible.
Some persons seem unable to take oatmeal, its use being followed by a skin eruption. This is supposed to be due to a special constituent called “avenin,” the existence of which, however, is denied by some authorities.
There is little doubt but that persons of weak digestive powers and sedentary habits cannot digest porridge comfortably. In any case quickly-cooked porridge is an abomination.
Olive.
The chief use of the olive, at least in this country, consists in the oil expressed from it. Unfortunately our so-called olive oil is generally cotton-seed oil. Captain Diamond of San Francisco, aged 111, and the oldest living athlete in the world, attributes much of his health to the use of olive oil. But he lays great stress upon the importance of obtaining it pure. Cotton-seed oil consists partly of an indigestible gum, and its continued ingestion tends to produce kidney trouble and heart failure.
A simple test for purity is to use, the suspected sample for oiling floors or furniture. If pure, it will leave a beautiful polish minus grease. But if it contains cotton-seed oil, part of it will evaporate, leaving the gummy portion behind.
When pure olive oil is shaken in a half-filled bottle, the bubbles formed thereby rapidly disappear, but if the sample is adulterated the bubbles continue some time before they burst.
Pure olive oil is pale and a greenish yellow.
If equal volumes of strong nitric acid (this may be obtained from any chemist) and olive oil are mixed together and shaken in a flask the resulting product has a greenish or orange tinge which remains unchanged after standing for ten minutes. But if cotton-seed oil is present, the mixture is reddish in colour, and becomes brown or black on standing.
Olive oil is slightly laxative, and therefore useful to sufferers from constipation. It is also an excellent vermifuge.
Olive oil has been used with great success in the treatment of gall stones. A Dr. Rosenberg reported that of twenty-one cases treated by “the ingestion of a considerable quantity of olive oil, only two failed of complete recovery.”
Onion.
The uses of the onion are many and varied. Fresh onion juice promotes perspiration, relieves constipation and bronchitis, induces sleep, is good for cases of scurvy and sufferers from lead colic. It is also excellent for bee and wasp stings.
Onions are noted for their nerve-soothing properties. They are also beautifiers of the complexion. But moderation must be observed in their use or they are apt to disagree. Not everyone can digest onions, although I believe them to be more easily digested raw than cooked.
A raw onion may be rubbed on unbroken chilblains with good results. If broken, the onion should be roasted. The heart of a roasted onion placed in the ear is an old-fashioned remedy for earache.
Raw onions are a powerful antiseptic. They also attract disease germs to themselves, and for this reason may be placed in a sickroom with advantage. Needless to say, they should afterwards be burnt or buried. Culpeper, the ancient herbalist, says that they “draw corruption unto them.” It is possibly for this reason that the Vedanta forbids them to devout Hindoos.
Garlic possesses the same properties as the onion, but in a very much stronger degree. Leeks are very much milder than the onion.
Onion Juice.
The following prescription is excellent for sufferers from bronchitis or coughs: Slice a Spanish onion; lay the slices in a basin and sprinkle well with pure cane sugar. Cover the basin tightly and leave for twelve hours. After this time the basin should contain a quantity of juice. Give a teaspoonful every now and then until relief is afforded. If too much be taken it may induce headache and vomiting.
Onion Poultice.
An excellent poultice for the chest may be made by placing one or two English onions in a muslin bag and pounding them to a pulp. This should be renewed every three or four hours, and the chest washed. I have been told that, at the age of six weeks old, I was saved from dying of bronchitis by such an onion poultice applied to the soles of my feet.
Orange.
The orange possesses most of the virtues of the lemon, but in a modified form. But it has the advantage of being more palatable.
The juice of oranges has been observed to exert such a beneficial influence on the blood as to prevent and cure influenza. Taken freely while the attack is on they seemingly prevent the pneumonia that so often follows. By far the quickest way to overcome influenza is to subsist solely on oranges for three or four days. Hot distilled water may be taken in addition.
The peel of the bitter Seville orange is an excellent tonic and remedy in cases of malaria and ague. A drink may be prepared from it according to the prescription under the heading “Lemon.”
The “orange cure” is used with great success for consumptive patients, for chest affections of all kinds, for asthma, and some stomach complaints. Oranges are taken freely at every meal. The “navel” kind are generally used.
Herbalists sell dried orange pips to be crushed to a powder and taken in the proportion of 1 teaspoonful to a cup of hot water. This is a harmless sedative, and useful in hysterical affections.
Marmalade Tonic.
A drink made with half a pint of hot water poured over a tablespoonful of good, home-made marmalade will often give relief in cases of neuralgia and pains in the head.
The nourishing properties of dates are well known. They are easily digested, and for this reason are often recommended to consumptive patients.
According to Dr. Fernie half a pound of dates and half a pint of new milk will make a satisfying repast for a person engaged in sedentary work.
Elderberry.
The elderberry has fallen into neglect of late years, owing to the lazy and disastrous modern habit of substituting the mineral drugs of the chemist for the home-made vegetable remedies of our grandmothers. Nevertheless, the elderberry is one of the most ancient and tried of medicines, held in such great esteem in Germany that, according to the German folk-lore, men should take off their hats in the presence of an elder-tree. In Denmark there is a legend to the effect that the trees are under the protection of a being known as the Elder-Mother, who has been immortalised in one of the fairy tales of Hans Andersen.
The berries of the elder-tree are not palatable enough to be used as a common article of food, but in the days when nearly every garden boasted its elder-tree few housewives omitted to make elderberry wine in due season.
It is not permitted to “food-reformers” to make “wine,” but those readers who are fortunate enough to possess an elder-tree might well preserve the juice of the berries against winter coughs and colds.
Preserved Fruit Juice.
The following is E. and B. May’s recipe for preserving fruit juice. Put the fruit into a preserving-pan, crush it and allow it to simmer slowly until the juice is well drawn out. This will take about an hour. Press out the juice and strain through a jelly-bag until quite clear. Put the juice back into the pan, and to every quart add a quarter of a pound of best cane sugar. Stir until dissolved. Put the juice into clean, dry bottles. Stand the bottles in a pan of hot water, and when the latter has come to the boil allow the bottles to remain in the boiling water for fifteen minutes. The idea is to bring the juice inside the bottles to boiling point just before sealing up, but not to boil it. See that the bottles are full. Cork immediately on taking out of thepan, and then seal up. To seal mix a little plaster of Paris with water and spread it well over the cork. Let it come a little below the cork so as to exclude all air.
The juice of the elderberry is famous for promoting perspiration, hence its efficacy in the cure of colds. Two tablespoonfuls should be taken at bed-time in a tumbler of hot water.
The juice of the elderberry is excellent in fevers, and is also said to promote longevity.
Elderberry Poultice.
“The leaves of the elder, boiled until they are soft, with a little linseed oil added thereto,” laid upon a scarlet cloth and applied, as hot as it can be borne, to piles, has been said to be an infallible remedy. Each time this poultice gets cold it must be renewed for “the space of an hour.” At the end of this time the final dressing is to be “bound on,” and the patient “put warm to bed.” If necessary the whole operation is to be repeated; but the writer assures us that “this hath not yet failed at the first dressing to cure the disease.” If any reader desires to try the experiment I would suggest that the leaves be steamed rather than boiled, and pure olive oil used in the place of linseed oil. It must also be remembered that no outward application can be expected to effect a permanent cure, since the presence of piles indicates an effort of Nature to clear out some poison from the system. But if this expulsion is assisted by appropriate means the pain may well be alleviated by external applications. (Pepper should be avoided by sufferers from piles.)
Fig.
A “lump of figs” laid on the boil of King Hezekiah, as recorded in 2 Kings xx. 7, brought about that monarch’s recovery. The figs used were doubtless ripe figs, not the dried figs of our grocers.
“This fruit,” says Dr. Fernie, “is soft, easily digested, and corrective of strumous disease.” The large blue fig may be grown in England, in the milder parts and under a warm wall. The fresh figs were rarely seen at one time outside of the large “high-class” fruit shops, but for the last year or two I have seen them peddled in the streets of London like apples and oranges in due season.
Green figs (not unripe) were commonly eaten by Roman gladiators, which is surely a sufficient tribute to the fruit’s strength-giving qualities.
The best way of preparing dried figs for eating is to wash them very quickly in warm water, and steam for twenty minutes or until tender.
Grape.
The special value of the grape lies in the fact that it is a very quick repairer of bodily waste, the grape sugar being taken immediately into the circulation without previous di[Pg 40]gestion. For this reason is grape juice the best possible food for fever patients, consumptives, and all who are in a weak and debilitated condition. The grapes should be well chewed, the juice and pulp swallowed, and the skin and stones rejected.
In countries where the grape cure is practised, consumptive patients are fed on the sweeter varieties of grape, while those troubled with liver complaints, acid gout, or other effects of over-feeding, take the less sweet kinds.
Dr. Fernie deprecates the use of grapes for the ordinary gouty or rheumatic patient, but with all due deference to that learned authority, I do not believe the fruit exists that is not beneficial to the gouty person. One of the most gouty and rheumatic people I know, a vegetarian who certainly never over-feeds himself, derives great benefit from a few days’ almost exclusive diet of grapes.
Cream of tartar, a potash salt obtained from the crust formed upon bottles and casks by grape juice when it is undergoing fermentation in the process of becoming wine, is often used as a medicine. It has been cited as an infallible specific in cases of smallpox, but I do not recommend its use, as it probably gets contaminated with other substances during the process of manufacture. In any case its value cannot be compared with the fresh, ripe fruit. I have little doubt but that an exclusive diet of grapes, combined with warmth, proper bathing, and the absence of drugs, would suffice to cure the most malignant case of smallpox.
Sufferers from malaria may use grapes with great benefit. For this purpose the grapes, with the skins and stones, should be well pounded in a mortar and allowed to stand for three hours. The juice should then be strained off and taken. Or persons with good teeth may eat the grapes, including the skins and stones, if they thoroughly macerate the latter.
In the absence of fresh grapes raisin-tea is a restoring and nourishng drink. Dr. Fernie notes that it is of the same proteid value as milk, if made in the proportions given below. It is much more easily digested than milk, and therefore of great use in gastric complaints. Sufferers from chronic gastritis could not do better than make raisin-tea their sole drink, and bananas their only food for a time.
Raisin Tea.
To make raisin-tea, take half a pound of good raisins and wash well, but quickly, in lukewarm water. Cut up roughly and put into the old-fashioned beef-tea jar with a quart of distilled or boiled and filtered rain water. Cook for four hours, or until the liquid is reduced to 1 pint. Scald a fine hair sieve and press through it all except the skins and stones. If desired a little lemon juice may be added.
Gooseberry.
The juice of green gooseberries “cureth all inflammations,” while the red gooseberry is good for bilious subjects. But it has been said that gooseberries are not good for melancholy persons.
